Pakistani Brands

Optalidon: Information You Need To Know

Optalidon is the brand name of the combination of two ingredients i.e Caffeine 25mg and Propyphenazone 175mg. Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant of the methylxanthine class.Caffeine is considered the most commonly used psychoactive drug in the world. Propyphenazone is Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, NSAID and is used in Analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agent. Propyphenazone alone is rapidly absorbed. After a single oral dose of 220 mg, peak plasma concentrations of about 1.5-3.5 mg/l are attained at between 0.5 h and 1.2 h with a mean biological half-life of approximately 2.8 ± 0.6 h. Uses Of Optalidon: Optalidon is used in: Dysmenorrhoea,  Pain,  Rheumatoid arthritis,  Juvenile chronic arthritis,  Osteoarthritis,  Ankylosing spondylitis,  Fever, Acute arthritis,  Toothache,  Musculoskeletal pain,. Mechanism of action Of Optalidon   Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that occurs naturally in more than 60 plant species and is used in various foods, drinks and medicines. Caffeine stimulates the medullary, vasomotor and respiratory centers and promotes bradycardia, vasoconstriction and increased respiratory rate. Previously, it was believed that this effect is mainly due to the increase of intracellular cyclic 3 ‘, 5’-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) after the inhibition of phosphodiesterase, the enzyme that degrades cyclic AMP. Caffeine passes the blood-brain barrier that is supposed to separate the brain from the bloodstream. Once in the brain, caffeine blocks the action of adenosine, which plays an important role in energy transfer and sleep enhancement. Since adenosine acts as an autocoid, it inhibits the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic sites, but increases the effect of norepinephrine or angiotensin, the antagonism of adenosine receptors promotes the release of neurotransmitters. This explains the stimulating effect of caffeine. The blockade of the adenosine A1 receptor in the heart results in an accelerated and pronounced “heartbeat” of the heart when caffeine is consumed. Propyphenazone is an NSAID derived from pyrazolone and related to phenazone. It has antipyretic and analgesic properties. Side effects of Optalidon Optalidon (caffeine + propyphenazone) may cause some side effects. Side effects are not common and sometimes very rare, but each medication has some side effects along with  beneficial effects: Propifenazone may cause myocardial infarction with low atrial rhythm Propifenazone may also cause side effects that are not listed here. During anxiety disorders, caffeine with bipolar disorder could worsen these conditions. Use carefully. There are concerns that caffeine can make bleeding worse. Caffeine can lead to irregular heartbeats in sensitive individuals. Caffeine, especially when taken in large quantities, can make diarrhea worse. People with epilepsy should avoid the use of high-dose caffeine. Caffeine intake can increase blood pressure in people with high blood pressure. Caffeine, especially when taken in large quantities, can make diarrhea worse and worsen IBS symptoms. Dosage and administration of Optalidon In adults: 1 to 2 tablets 1-3 times daily. In children older than 12 years: 1 tablet a day. Related Article : Important information about Aspirin 

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Ciprofloxacin (Ciproxin): Uses, Side Effects, Dosage

Ciprofloxacin  (Brand Name: Ciproxin) belongs to a group of broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs known as fluoroquinolones. It is the most active second-generation fluoroquinolone against a wide range of bacteria susceptible to Gram-negative aerobic rods, especially the Enterobacteriaceae Neisseria. [1] Ciprofloxacin is effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. It is active against susceptible strains of Staphylococcus aureus and is not effective against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Ciprofloxacin (Ciproxin) has excellent activity against gram-negative bacteria, but enterococci, Streptococcus group A, B, D and streptococcal viridans with moderate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. It is also very effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M.Kansasii M.Fortuitum.If used alone is not effective against M. avium infections caused by M. avium infection. They must be combined with other tuberculosis drugs, rifampicin and ethambutol. Ciprofloxacin (Ciproxin Tablet) Other Brands: Novidat Manufactured By Sami Pharmaceutical Pvt Limited. Novidat is available in Dry Powder For Suspension. 125mg/5ml. Novidat Tablet 500mg. Novidat Injection 200 mg 1 Vialx100 mg. Mercip 500mg tablet manufactured By Merck. Ciprofloxacin (Ciproxin) works against a variety of infections, some of which are difficult to treat. It’s broad-spectrum, its oral effectiveness, and its good tolerability is often used to treat infections. Still, it should not be used for minor infections. or anaerobes are mainly causative. In severe cases, treatment by intravenous infusion may be initiated, then continue with the oral. Ciproxin is used to treat bacterial infections, for example: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by certain bacteria such as E. coli. Cervical and urethral gonorrhoea due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae Typhoid Skin infections Bone infections Joint infections Uncomplicated acute cystitis Chronic bacterial prostatitis Meningitis Pulmonary or respiratory tract infections, for example, tuberculosis, lower respiratory tract infections, and chronic bronchitis) Pneumonia and sepsis caused by Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis). Infectious diarrhoea caused by E. coli, Campylobacter jejuni, and Shigella. Prophylaxis of Infections in neutropenic / cancer patients and other sensitive patients. Patients with anthrax with fever and low white blood cell count as well as intra-abdominal infections. Ciprofloxacin ( Ciproxin ) inhibits DNA synthesis in microorganisms by inhibiting the bacterial topoisomerase enzyme DNA (DNA gyrase). This prevents relaxation of the supercoiled DNA and thus prevents normal transcription and replication in the body. When we give the patient Ciprofloxacin (Ciproxin), ciprofloxacin enters into Bacteria through passive diffusion and approaches Topoisomerase enzyme. They bind to the enzyme’s DNA gyrase domain and block or inhibit it, so the other domain (nuclease) keeps on cutting the overtwisted DNA. Still, the Ligase point Can’t reseal it because of Ciprofloxacin (Ciproxin), and in the end, all the bacteria divided into fragments and bacterial death occur. Ciprofloxacin ( Ciproxin ) has a good safety profile, and side effects are present in only 10% of cases, but they are generally mild. Here are some of the side effects associated with the use of Ciproxin. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea may occur. Ciprofloxacin may affect the clearance of theophylline and cause an increase in serum concentration. Headaches, insomnia, dizziness, liver problems and rashes can sometimes occur. Ciprofloxacin can cause tendonitis, which is a serious complication in adults and can cause tendon rupture. Although tendonitis rarely occurs (some cases have been reported), but is more common in elderly failure, renal failure, and renal failure in people with corticosteroids. Skin / Hypersensitivity are rashes, itching, photosensitivity, swelling of the lips, urination, and swelling. Serious skin reactions are rare. Ciprofloxacin use for long periods can lead to oral candidiasis or a new yeast infection such as white spots in the mouth, a change in vaginal discharge. It can destroy your beneficial bacteria, so you need to take probiotics to flourish your gut flora. One such product is synbiotic 365. Some medicines may affect the action of ciprofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin may affect other medicines you ingest. Many antacids, vitamins, and supplements containing magnesium, calcium, aluminium, iron or zinc can interfere with ciprofloxacin. Other over-the-counter medicines, including painkillers and fever medicines such as ibuprofen and naproxen, may also interact with ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin can increase the effects of caffeine. If you are taking caffeine-containing drinks or over-the-counter medications that contain caffeine while you are taking ciprofloxacin, you may have some side effects of caffeine, such as nervousness, insomnia, or anxiety. You may not be able to take Ciprofloxacin if you also take the drug Theophylline to treat asthma and wheezing. Severe reactions such as heart attack decreased the ability to breathe, and seizures have occurred when people have taken these drugs together. Other drugs that interact with ciprofloxacin are: Anticoagulants like warfarin. Anticonvulsant drugs, including phenytoin. Certain antidepressants and drugs for the treatment of mental illnesses, such as clozapine. Caffeine-containing drugs The immunosuppressant cyclosporine. The muscle relaxant tizanidine Diuretics (water pills) Certain medications for an irregular heartbeat, such as amiodarone, disopyramide, and procainamide. The drug for arthritis methotrexate. A drug used to treat nausea, vomiting, heartburn, and reflux called metoclopramide. Type 2 diabetes drug Glyburide. Some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and naproxen. Ciprofloxacin during Pregnancy Ciprofloxacin Nursing Mothers This antibiotic is excreted in milk, and therefore it is best to avoid it while breastfeeding or consult your doctor before using this medicine if you are a nursing mother. Ciproxin in Pediatrics population Although it is effective in paediatrics still it is not a drug of choice because of adverse effects caused by this medicine.  Always consult your doctor before using any medicine. Ciprofloxacin Contraindications This drug is contraindicated in people with hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin or any other similar drugs in this group. Concomitant use of this drug with Tizanidine is contraindicated. The usual recommended dose for urinary tract infections in adults is 200 to 400 mg IV every 8 to 12 hours for 7 to 14 days, while the oral dose once 250 to 500 mg orally every 12 hours for 7 to 14 days. The usual adult dose for a soft tissue infection or skin is 400 mg IV every 8 to 12 hours, and orally 500 to 750 mg orally every 12 hours for 7 to 14 days. The usual adult dose for

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Chlorphenamine (Piriton): Uses, Side Effects, Dosage

Chlorpheniramine (Piriton) belongs to a group of drugs known as sedating antihistamine that reduces the effects of the natural chemical histamine in the body. Histamine can cause symptoms such as sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and runny nose. Chlorpheniramine (Piriton) Uses: Chlorpheniramine (Piriton) is used for the symptomatic relief of allergies such as Hay fever, Urticaria, Food Allergy, Drug Reactions, A runny nose, Sneezing, itching, Watery eyes caused by allergies, Colds or flu, Emergency Treatment Of Anaphylactic Reactions. Chlorpheniramine (Piriton) Mechanism Of Action Piriton products contain the active ingredient chlorphenamine maleate, a type of medicine called the calming antihistamine. It works by avoiding the effects of histamine, a substance that is produced by the body when it reacts to a foreign substance such as pollen or the coat of pets (an allergen). Histamine causes a chain reaction that causes allergic symptoms. In allergies such as hay fever and pet allergies, histamine causes inflammation of the nose, eyes, or respiratory tract, resulting in itchy eyes, watery nose, stuffy nose, and sneezing. In allergic skin reactions, histamine causes dermatitis, rashes, and itching. Chlorphenamine blocks the histamine receptors and therefore stops the chain reaction that causes the symptoms of the allergy. It usually begins to relieve symptoms within half an hour to an hour after taking a dose. Chlorphenamine is referred to as a sedative antihistamine because it enters the brain in significant amounts and causes drowsiness. The antihistamine action and the fact that it causes drowsiness makes chlorpheniramine also useful in relieving the itching caused by chickenpox. It can be especially useful for itching, which gets worse at night. This is often the case in children who notice less itching during the day when they are active, but it bothers them at night when they are quiet and have nothing left to concentrate on. Piriton Side effects Chlorphenamine (Piriton) Can cause Some Side effects along with their useful effects which are: Drowsiness, Dizziness, A headache, Constipation, Upset stomach, Blurred vision, Decreased coordination or dry mouth/nose/throat may occur. These effects may decrease as your body adapts to the medication. If any of these effects persist or worsen, contact your doctor or pharmacist immediately. Piriton In Pregnancy: Most manufacturers advise avoiding the use of Piriiton In Pregnancy, However, There is no evidence of teratogenicity. But Using Piriton in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy may cause adverse effects in neonates such as irritability, tremor, and paradoxical excitability. Dosage: Adults and children over 12 years: 1 tablet for 4 to 6 hours. Maximum daily dose: 6 tablets (24 mg) in 24 hours Elderly: Older people have more frequent neurological anticholinergic effects. The use of a lower daily dose (eg maximum of 12 mg in 24 hours) should be considered. Children from 6 to 12 years: ½ tablet from 4 to 6 hours. Maximum daily dose: 3 tablets (12 mg) in 24 hours Not recommended for children under 6 years. Related Article: Terbutaline: Uses, Side Effects, Dosage

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Piroxicam (Brexin Tablet): Uses, Side Effects

Piroxicam (Brand Name: Brexin) belong to a group of medicine referred to as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug drug (NSAID).The Food and Drug Administration approved piroxicam in 1982. Brexin Tablet contains Piroxicam as a complex with Beta Cyclodextrin 20mg. Piroxiam (Brexin) Uses: It is one of the first choice drug to reduce Pain, Swelling, and joint stiffness from arthritis,gout, and ankylosing spondylitis. It conjointly sometimes used to relieve pain caused by menstrual cramps, surgery, or vaginal birth. Mechanism Of Action Of Brexin: It work by reducing the amount of prostaglandins, chemicals that are responsible for pain, fever, and inflammation. It blocks the enzyme that creates prostaglandins (cyclooxygenase), leading to lower concentrations of prostaglandins. As a consequence, inflammation, pain and fever are reduced. Piroxicam (Brexin) In Pregnancy: Piroxicam might hurt an unborn baby. Don’t take this medication without talking to a doctor if you’re pregnant or conceive to become pregnant.You particularly shouldn’t take It throughout your last three months of pregnancy. Brexin Side Effects: The more common side effects that may occur with this drug include: headache, dizziness, diarrhea and heartburn whereas Serious side effects Allergic reaction (skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of your face, lips, or tongue), heart attack or stroke, kidney injury, Heart failure, stomach issues, like ulcers and bleeding,Liver issues, and Skin reactions. Interaction With Other Drugs: Taking piroxicam with different NSAIDs might increase side effects, as well as stomach pain. examples of different NSAIDs include: ibuprofen, aspirin, naproxen whereas Taking methotrexate with piroxicam will cause dangerous levels of methotrexate in your body. this might cause side effects like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mouth sores, fever, and hair loss.Taking certain blood pressure medicine with piroxicam would possibly make those medicine not work as well. examples of these medicine include: diuretics (water pills), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Dosage Information: Piroxicam (Brexin)  Should to be taken with food.Usual Adult Recommended Dose for rheumatoid And Osteoarthritis is 20 mg orally once daily or 10 mg twice daily.Take this medication round the same time every day with a full glass of water.

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Clopidogrel (Plavix): Uses, Side Effects, Dosage

Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet drug.(Brand name is Plavix Generic is Clopidogrel). Uses of Plavix: It reduces your risk of getting blood clots by affecting cells in your blood known as platelets. It is used to stop heart attacks, prevent strokes, Also Used after a heart treatment to protect the arteries. Additionally used to lower the number of heart attacks in patients who have unstable angina or mild heart attacks. Flavix (Clopidogrel) Side Effects  The more common side effects which will occur with clopidogrel include: Bleeding and itchy skin whereas Serious side effects and their symptoms can include the following: Serious, severe bleeding. In Urine, Red Or Black stools, Coughing Up Blood Or Blood Clots, Vomiting Blood and Unexplained bleeding that lasts a long time And Blood-clotting problem referred to as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Do not stop taking clopidogrel without calling the doctor who Prescribed it for you.Be careful and avoid injury.You may bleed more easily.Use a soft toothbrush and an electric razor.Very dangerous and typically deadly bleeding problems have happened with this drugs. Don’t Take Plavix If you have had a hypersensitivity to any medication before, Have a stomach ulceration, or have had stomach ulcers in the past,have had bleeding on your brain (brain haemorrhage),have haemophilia or another bleeding disorder, have a liver or kidney downside, And are pregnant or breastfeeding. Mechanism Of Action Of Plavix The active substance of clopidogrel prevents binding of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to its blood platelet receptor, impairing the ADP-mediated activation of the conjugated protein GPIIb/IIIa complex. it’s proposed that the inhibition involves a defect within the mobilization from the storage sites of the blood platelet granules to the outer membrane. The drug specifically and irreversibly inhibits the P2Y12 subtype of ADP receptor, that is vital in aggregation of platelets and cross-linking by the protein fibrin. No direct interference happens with the GPIIb/IIIa receptor. because the conjugated protein GPIIb/IIIa complex is the major receptor for fibrinogen, its impaired activation prevents fibrinogen binding to blood platelets and inhibits platelet aggregation. By block, the amplification of blood platelet activation by discharged ADP, blood platelet aggregation evoked by agonists apart from ADP is additionally inhibited by the active matter of clopidogrel. Plavix Dosage  The suggested dose for treating unstable angina or heart failure is 300 mg at first followed by 75 mg daily together with 75-325 mg of aspirin. Peripheral arterial illness or recent stroke and is treated with 75 mg daily.Clopidogrel (Plavix) typically is taken once daily. It is taken with or without food. Clopidogrel is activated by enzymes in the liver to its active type. people who have reduced activity of liver enzymes that activate clopidogrel due to liver disease may not adequately respond to clopidogrel. various treatments ought to be used for these patients.

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Aspirin (Ascard, Loprin Tablet)

Aspirin (Brands: Ascard,  Loprin Tablet)  Is The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has antipyretic And anti-inflammatory properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin or Acetylsalicylic acid (Ascard,  Loprin Tablet) also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. Aspirin is The Most commonly Used medicine that has a number of uses, reducing the risk of serious problems such as from heart attacks, and strokes To relieving pain. It comes in many Dosage forms, including pills, tablets that are dissolved in water, powders and oral gels. Some types can be bought over the counter from pharmacies, while others are only available on prescription. Uses for aspirin (Ascard,  Loprin Tablet)  At high doses usually 300mg – aspirin can relieve pain, reduce a high temperature (fever) and reduce swelling. It’s often used for short-term relief from: Colds and flu Period pains Headaches and migraines A toothache General aches and pains In the treatment of myocardial infarction Many other inflammatory joint conditions (in higher doses) For the prevention of stroke (in lower doses) In the treatment of coronary artery disease To inhibit platelet aggregations (blood clot formations) to reduce risk of transient ischemic attacks and unstable angina (in lower doses) In the treatment of pericarditis Note: Aspirin (Ascard,  Loprin Tablet) Is Contraindicated In Children Because Of the risk of developing Reye’s Syndrome Side Effects Of Aspirin (Ascard,  Loprin Tablet, and other brands) The most common side effects of aspirin are: Nausea Irritation of the stomach or gut Indigestion The following side effects are possible but less common: Vomiting Bruising Asthma symptoms may worsen Stomach bleeding Inflammation of the stomach   Precautions For Aspirin (Ascard,  Loprin Tablet)  Aspirin Is Not Recommended For People with a known allergy to aspirin People who are allergic to any NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen People who have a peptic ulcer Patients with hemophilia or any other bleeding disorder Children under 16 years of age The following people should be cautious about taking aspirin, and should only do so if the doctor agrees: Patients with liver problems Patients with uncontrolled hypertension Patients with asthma Patients with kidney problems People who have had a previous peptic ulcer. Related article: Comparison Among Paracetamol, Aspirin, And Ibuprofen Check This Amazing Infographic About Aspirin (Ascard, Loprin Tablet)  

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